Abstract

We use modular invariant theory to establish a complete set of relations of the mod 𝑝 homology of {𝑄𝑆𝑘}𝑘⩾0 , for 𝑝 odd, as a ring object in the category of coalgebras (also known as a coalgebraic ring or a Hopf ring). We also describe the action of the mod 𝑝 Dyer–Lashof algebra as well as the mod 𝑝 Steenrod algebra on the coalgebraic ring.